Author Archives: Adam Pulver

California’s Refund-or-Replace Remedy Doesn’t Apply to Used Cars Still Under Warranty

California’s Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act provides significant protections to consumers in that case–particularly for those who purchase automobiles. One provision gives certain car buyers a “refund-or-replace remedy,” requiring the manufacture to replace a defective car, or provide restitution, after a “reasonable number of attempts” for repair. Today, the California Supreme Court issued a decision as […]

Ninth Circuit holds FAA does not apply to mass arbitration provisions

Yesterday, the Ninth Circuit issued an opinion in Heckman v. Live Nation Entertainment, where it affirmed a district order denying a motion to compel mass  arbitration of a consumer antitrust class action about online ticket sales practices by Live Nation and Ticketmaster. Finding the arbitration agreement “borderline unintelligible,” the panel majority held that both the […]

Third Circuit Clarifies Standard for Discovery Into Arbitrability

In Guidotti v. Legal Helpers Debt Resolution, L.L.C., 716 F.3d 764 (3d Cir. 2013), the Third Circuit addressed the question of, when considering a motion to compel arbitration,  what standards district courts should apply when determining whether an agreement to arbitrate was actually formed between the parties. The court held that the Rule 12(b)(6) standard […]

FTC finalizes “Click-to-Cancel” Rule

Today, the FTC announced it had finalized its “Click-to-Cancel Rule.” Amending its 1973 “Negative Option Rule,” the rule will prohibit sellers from: misrepresenting any material fact made while marketing goods or services with a negative option feature; failing to clearly and conspicuously disclose material terms prior to obtaining a consumer’s billing information in connection with […]

Who is a “consumer” under the Video Privacy Protection Act?

Enacted in 1988, the Video Privacy Protection Act  (VPPA) makes it unlawful for a “video tape service provider” to “knowingly disclose[], to any person, personally identifiable information concerning any consumer of such provider.” The statute further defines “consumer” as “any renter, purchaser, or subscriber of goods or services from a video tape service provider.”  The […]

SDNY holds online-only retailers are not covered by the ADA

Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination “on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, leases (or leases to), or operates a place of public accommodation.” Courts of appeals […]

FTC settles with AI “Lawyer” DoNotPay

A company called “DoNotPay” operated an artificial intelligence service that it called  “the world’s first robot lawyer,” which it claimed “would allow consumers to “sue for assault without a lawyer” and “generate perfectly valid legal documents in no time.” Not surprisingly, the product did not live up to its claims. In late September, the FTC […]

CFPB moves to ban Navient from federal student loan servicing

In a long-running litigation filed in Pennsylvania federal district court, the CFPB today filed a proposed stipulated order, which, if entered, would largely remove Navient from the federal student loan market, and require the company to pay a $20 million penalty and provide $100 million in relief to borrowers. The case includes allegations that Navient […]

More on “Browse-Wrap” Arbitration

Yesterday, I noted the Pennsylvania Supreme Court had agreed to hear a case involving browse-wrap arbitration agreements. Later in the day, the Seventh Circuit issued a decision concerning one such agreement, finding  that a consumer and a home improvement had entered into a valid and enforceable agreement. Adopting case law from the 9th and 2nd […]

PA Supreme Court to Consider “Browsewrap” Arbitration Agreements

In July 2023, an intermediate appellate court in Pennsylvania decided Chilutti v. Uber Technologies.  There, the court held that a so-called “browsewrap” arbitration agreement was invalid, and that two conditions are necessary to establish an unambiguous manifestation for assent to arbitration via a registration for a website: (1) explicitly stating on the registration websites and […]